Determination of Lead (Pb) in Kohl cosmetics sold in the south of Algeria

Abstract

Introduction: Kohl, also known as Kajal and Surma, is a popular cosmetic product in Algeria, particularly in the Saharan regions, and is used by both adults and infants. It is well documented that kohl can contain lead (Pb), which poses significant health risks. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Pb in kohl products available in the south of the country. Materials and methods: Sixteen Kohl items were purchased from local markets in Ouargla city then analyzed by FG-AAS to determine Pb Concentration. Statistical analysis was done using Excel 2021. The significance level was determined by p-value ≤0.05. Results and discussion: The analyzed kohl products lacked specific information about their chemical composition on the packaging. FG-AAS revealed that 81.2 % (n = 13) of the products contained Pb, with concentrations ranging from 3,890 to 85,570 mg.kg−1. Pb can be absorbed through the eyes after application, leading to systemic deleterious effects on human health, especially with long-term exposure. Conclusion: Kohl products marketed in southern Algeria are contaminated with Pb. It is recommended to enforce local regulations that clearly prohibit the incorporation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and to raise awareness among the general population about the risks associated with using these contaminated products.

Keywords

• Kohl
• Lead
• Cosmetics
• Algeria
• Sahara