Metabolic and Other Endocrine Elements with Regard to Lifestyle Choices: Focus on E-Cigarettes
Andrei Osman,
Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu,
Mihaela Jana Tuculină,
Ionela Teodora Dascălu,
Cristina Popescu,
Anca-Ștefania Enescu,
Constantin Dăguci,
Anca-Pati Cucu,
Claudiu Nistor,
Mara Carsote
Affiliations
Andrei Osman
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Mihaela Jana Tuculină
Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Ionela Teodora Dascălu
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Cristina Popescu
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Anca-Ștefania Enescu
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department ENT & Clinical Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Constantin Dăguci
Department of Oro-Dental Prevention, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
Anca-Pati Cucu
PhD Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
Claudiu Nistor
Department 4—Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy & Thoracic Surgery Department, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
Mara Carsote
Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania & C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
Our objective was to overview recent data on metabolic/endocrine disorders with respect to e-cigarette (e-cig) use. This is a narrative review; we researched English, full-length, original articles on PubMed (between January 2020 and August 2023) by using different keywords in the area of metabolic/endocrine issues. We only included original clinical studies (n = 22) and excluded case reports and experimental studies. 3 studies (N1 = 22,385; N2 = 600,046; N3 = 5101) addressed prediabetes risk; N1 showed a 1.57-fold increased risk of dual vs. never smokers, a higher risk that was not confirmed in N2 (based on self-reported assessments). Current non-smokers (N1) who were dual smokers still have an increased odd of prediabetes (a 1.27-fold risk increase). N3 and another 2 studies addressed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM): a lower prevalence of DM among dual users (3.3%) vs. cigarette smoking (5.9%) was identified. 6 studies investigated obesity profile (4 of them found positive correlations with e-cig use). One study (N4 = 373,781) showed that e-cig use was associated with obesity in the general population (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.3–2.1, p vs. cig-only (41.2%, p vs. non-smokers. Data on metabolic syndrome (MS) are provided for dual smokers (n = 2): one case–control study found that female dual smokers had higher odds of MS than non-smokers. The need for awareness with respect to potential e-cig-–associated medical issues should be part of modern medicine, including daily anamnesis. Whether the metabolic/endocrine frame is part of the general picture is yet to be determined. Surveillance protocols should help clinicians to easily access the medical background of one subject, including this specific matter of e-cig with/without conventional cigarettes smoking and other habits/lifestyle elements, especially when taking into consideration metabolism anomalies.
