Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Virus A in Three Australian Vineyards Using Amplicon High Throughput Sequencing (Amplicon-HTS)
Qi Wu,
Wycliff M. Kinoti,
Nuredin Habili,
Stephen D. Tyerman,
Amy Rinaldo,
Fiona E. Constable
Affiliations
Qi Wu
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Wycliff M. Kinoti
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Nuredin Habili
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Stephen D. Tyerman
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Precinct, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
Amy Rinaldo
Australian Wine Research Institute, Wine Innovation Central Building, Hartley Grove crn Paratoo Road, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
Fiona E. Constable
Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
Shiraz disease (SD) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of grapevines in Australia and is known to cause significant economic loss to local growers. Grapevine virus A (GVA) was reported to be the key pathogen associated with this disease. This study aimed to better understand the diversity of GVA variants both within and between individual SD and grapevine leafroll disease (LRD) affected grapevines located at vineyards in South Australia. Amplicon high throughput sequencing (Amplicon-HTS) combined with median-joining networks (MJNs) was used to analyze the variability in specific gene regions of GVA variants. Several GVAII variant groups contain samples from both vineyards studied, suggesting that these GVAII variants were from a common origin. Variant groups analyzed by MJNs using the overall data set denote that there may be a possible relationship between variant groups of GVA and the geographical location of the grapevines.
