Frontiers in Nutrition (Sep 2022)

Circulating carotenoids are associated with favorable lipid and fatty acid profiles in an older population at high cardiovascular risk

  • María Marhuenda-Muñoz,
  • María Marhuenda-Muñoz,
  • Inés Domínguez-López,
  • Inés Domínguez-López,
  • Klaus Langohr,
  • Anna Tresserra-Rimbau,
  • Anna Tresserra-Rimbau,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez González,
  • Miguel Ángel Martínez González,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • María Dolores Zomeño,
  • María Dolores Zomeño,
  • María Dolores Zomeño,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • J. Alfredo Martínez,
  • Angel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Angel M. Alonso-Gómez,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • José López-Miranda,
  • José López-Miranda,
  • Ramón Estruch,
  • Ramón Estruch,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • Francisco J. Tinahones,
  • José Lapetra,
  • José Lapetra,
  • Ll. Serra-Majem,
  • Ll. Serra-Majem,
  • Ll. Serra-Majem,
  • Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas,
  • Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Josep A. Tur,
  • Vicente Martín-Sánchez,
  • Vicente Martín-Sánchez,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Pilar Matía-Martín,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Clotilde Vázquez,
  • Lidia Daimiel,
  • Lidia Daimiel,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Estefanía Toledo,
  • Estefanía Toledo,
  • María Fernández de la Puente Cervera,
  • María Fernández de la Puente Cervera,
  • María Fernández de la Puente Cervera,
  • María Fernández de la Puente Cervera,
  • Rocío Barragán,
  • Rocío Barragán,
  • Montse Fitó,
  • Montse Fitó,
  • Lucas Tojal-Sierra,
  • Lucas Tojal-Sierra,
  • Enrique Gómez-Gracia,
  • Juan Manuel Zazo,
  • Marga Morey,
  • Marga Morey,
  • Antonio García-Ríos,
  • Antonio García-Ríos,
  • Rosa Casas,
  • Rosa Casas,
  • Ana M. Gómez-Pérez,
  • Ana M. Gómez-Pérez,
  • José Manuel Santos-Lozano,
  • José Manuel Santos-Lozano,
  • Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz,
  • Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz,
  • Alessandro Atzeni,
  • Alessandro Atzeni,
  • Alessandro Atzeni,
  • Alessandro Atzeni,
  • Eva M. Asensio,
  • Eva M. Asensio,
  • M. Mar Gili-Riu,
  • M. Mar Gili-Riu,
  • Vanessa Bullon,
  • Vanessa Bullon,
  • Vanessa Bullon,
  • Anai Moreno-Rodriguez,
  • Anai Moreno-Rodriguez,
  • Oscar Lecea,
  • Oscar Lecea,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • Francesca Peñas Lopez,
  • Francesca Peñas Lopez,
  • Guadalupe Gómez Melis,
  • Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós,
  • Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.967967
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9

Abstract

Read online

Carotenoid intake has been reported to be associated with improved cardiovascular health, but there is little information on actual plasma concentrations of these compounds as biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. The objective was to investigate the association between circulating plasma carotenoids and different cardiometabolic risk factors and the plasma fatty acid profile. This is a cross-sectional evaluation of baseline data conducted in a subcohort (106 women and 124 men) of an ongoing multi-factorial lifestyle trial for primary cardiovascular prevention. Plasma concentrations of carotenoids were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The associations between carotenoid concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed using regression models adapted for interval-censored variables. Carotenoid concentrations were cross-sectionally inversely associated with serum triglyceride concentrations [−2.79 mg/dl (95% CI: −4.25, −1.34) and −5.15 mg/dl (95% CI: −7.38, −2.93), p-values = 0.0002 and <0.00001 in women and men, respectively], lower levels of plasma saturated fatty acids [−0.09% (95% CI: −0.14, −0.03) and −0.15 % (95% CI: −0.23, −0.08), p-values = 0.001 and 0.0001 in women and men, respectively], and higher levels of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids [(0.12 % (95% CI: −0.01, 0.25) and 0.39 % (95% CI: 0.19, 0.59), p-values = 0.065 and 0.0001 in women and men, respectively] in the whole population. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were also associated with higher plasma HDL-cholesterol in women [0.47 mg/dl (95% CI: 0.23, 0.72), p-value: 0.0002], and lower fasting plasma glucose in men [−1.35 mg/dl (95% CI: −2.12, −0.59), p-value: 0.001].

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