Comparison of volatile metabolic profiles in fermented milk of Streptococcus thermophilus during the postripening period at different incubation temperatures

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Streptococcus thermophilus has been extensively applied in fermented milk. This study used gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy to determine and evaluate the volatile metabolites in raw milk, milk fermented at 37°C, and milk fermented at 42°C. Ten discriminatory volatile metabolites were identified at different incubation temperatures: acetone, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, butanal, hexanal, ethyl acetate, 3-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and 2-methylpropanoic acid, indicating that fermentation temperature affected the spectrum of volatiles in milk fermented by different strains of S. thermophilus. Specifically, fermentation at 37°C led to accumulation of short-chain fatty acids, whereas fermentation at 42°C enriched ketones and other flavor substances in the fermented milk, enhancing the flavor of the product. This work examined the differences between the volatile metabolites produced by different S. thermophilus strains fermented at different temperatures to evaluate the effect of temperature on the metabolic pathways.

Keywords

• Streptococcus thermophilus
• gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS)
• incubation temperature
• volatile metabolite