Investigating Legg-calve-perthes Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Management and Current Treatment Options

Abstract

Background: Legg-calve-perthes disease (LCPD) is an idiopathic condition affecting children’s hip joints, causing bone tissue death and deformity. Typically, occurring between ages 2 to 15 years, LCPD is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The disease progresses through distinct stages including necrosis, fragmentation, re-ossification, and remodeling. Objectives: This study aims to perform a a comprehensive review of diagnosis, management and current treatment options of LCPD. Methods: A literature review focusing on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of LCPD was conducted. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting clinical or preclinical findings. The research team performed a refined search on PubMed to gather relevant information. Results: This article highlights key aspects of LCPD management, encompassing etiology, diagnostic modalities, and various treatment strategies. The primary goals of treatment are to preserve normal hip joint function, prevent deformities and mitigate the risk of long-term complications. The Steinberg classification system categorizes LCPD into six stages based on size, morphology, and gross changes. Diagnosis and staging are typically performed using conventional radiography, with magnetic resonance imaging playing a crucial role in early prognosis. Conclusions: The study evaluates various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, encompassing both non-surgical interventions and surgical procedures. Treatment methods are compared based on patient-specific factors, such as physical condition, age, and timing of intervention to provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of each approach.

Keywords

• legg-calve-perthes disease (lcpd)
• prognosis
• steinberg classification
• pathophysiology
• joint diagnosis
• treatment outcome