Tropicultura (Jan 2016)
Sélection des variétés de soja pour la résistance à la pustule bactérienne au Bénin
Abstract
Selection of Soybean Varieties for Resistance to Bacterial Pustule in Benin. Bacterial pustule caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is a dreaded disease on soybeans inducing considerable yield losses worldwide. The aim of this study is to test 16 soybean varieties for resistance to bacterial pustule under natural infection and artificial inoculation. The study was conducted under greenhouse and field conditions at the experimental farm of the University of Parakou from July to October in 2013 and in 2014. The results show that the varieties JUPITER, ISRA25/72, TGX1985-77F, TGX1910-2F and TGX1985-11F are sensitive to moderately sensitive. The varieties TGX1448-2E, TGX1987-62F, TGX1990-15F, TGX1987-10F, TGX1835-10F, TGX1740-2F and TGX1440-1E are moderately resistant to resistant. The varieties TGX1988-5F, TGX1910-14F, TGX1989-21F and TGX1989-19F revealed moderately resistant in the greenhouse, but sensitive to moderately sensitive in the field. In 2013, yield losses from 2.7 to 28.1% were recorded with the varieties TGX1910-2F, ISRA25/72, JUPITER, TGX1910-2F, TGX1987-10F, TGX1835-10F and TGX1740-2F. Yield losses were calculated for each variety considering the yield difference between the natural infection and the artificial inoculation. The difference was than divided by the yield obtained in the natural infection. In 2014, varieties TGX1985-77F, TGX1740-2F, ISRA25/72, TGX1987-62F and TGX1910-14F showed losses ranging from 4.7 to 21.4%. The other varieties showed yield increases from 2.7 to 26% in 2013 and from 2.2 to 36.6% in 2014. With variety TGX1985-11F neither yield loss nor gain were observed over the two years. T For the 16 tested varieties, TGX1987-62F and TGX1990-15F are the most resistant; while TGX1989-19F, TGX1985-11F, TGX1440-1E, TGX1985-77F and TGX1910-14F are partial resistant. Those varieties have a high yield and could be recommended to the farmers. The two most resistant varieties could be integrated in a plant breeding program.
