Agrology (May 2020)
Black thorn biogeocenoses of natural wooded ravine forests and their ecologo-micromorphological, physico-chemical features
Abstract
The protection of disturbed lands is carried out by a system of measures for the сonservation of chernozem soils, in the first place through the creation of field protective forest plantations. As proved by theory and practice, the interaction of forest phytocenoses with chernozem soils optimizes the environment, limits and often stops the influence of eastern dry winds, turns the surface water runoff into deep. The research of ecological and micromorphological features, water-resistance and the influence of black thorn phytocenoses on the formation of edaphotopes in the conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine is of considerable scientific and practical interest. The character of interaction of black thorn phytocenoses with soils is revealed, which allows to develop scientific recommendations for their use by forestries at creation of field protective forest plantations and wood massifs in Steppe. The positive influence of black thorn biogeocenoses on the macro- and micromorphological structure of the soil has been established. Biogeocenoses of black thorns in the conditions of the South-East Steppe zone of Ukraine form phytogenic foci of groundwater feeding (pots) and that are additionally supplied with water. Ecological and micromorphological research and analysis of water-resistance of edaphotopes of black thorn biogeocenoses formed in this zone allowed to establish physicochemical characteristics of soils of black thorn biogeocenoses. It is proved that the phytocenoses of black thorns significantly improve the forest vegetation conditions of edaphotopes and act as preliminary communities for further reforestation. Destruction of black thorn biogeocenoses, these unique oases of the Steppe zone, is unacceptable. In special cases, it is recommended to prevent the destruction of steppes in forbidden areas with black thorn communities, in order to preserve the historical monuments of steppe virgin lands. In this case, we consider it possible to isolate the black thorn expansions solely for the purpose of monitoring investigations. The necessity of protection of black thorn biogeocenoses as monuments and positive factors in the formation of field protective multifunctional artificial plantations in the Steppe zone is proposed. Development of methods for creating sustainable and long-lived with positive environmentally transforming properties of forest biogeocenoses, their protection and rational use is the main goal of scientists and workers in the field of forest ecology, biogeocenology and nature preservation to create forest-agricultural landscape complexes. The results of the conducted research will be useful in forestry during the construction of forest cultivated biogeocenoses in the South-East Steppe zone of Ukraine
Keywords
