Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Feb 2008)
Comportamento funcional dos portadores de marcapasso convencional submetidos a ressincronização cardíaca Functional behavior of patients with conventional pacemakers undergoing cardiac resynchronization
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) é eficiente no tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC), disfunção ventricular grave e bloqueio intraventricular. O marcapasso convencional (MPC) em região apical de ventrículo direito provoca alterações da seqüência de ativação normal do coração semelhante às do BRE. Nesse sentido, pacientes com MPC e IC avançada poderiam ser candidatos a TRC, mas reduzidas casuísticas foram avaliadas e não há conclusões definitivas. OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento clínico-funcional da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) nos portadores de marcapasso convencional. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com MPC, IC-CF(NYHA) III/IV refratária a terapêutica medicamentosa, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an efficient treatment for patients with heart failure (HF), severe ventricular dysfunction and intraventricular block. Conventional pacemakers (CPM) implanted in the right ventricular apical area cause alterations in the normal sequence of cardiac activation similar to those induced by LBBB (left bundle-branch block). Therefore, patients with CPM and advanced HF could be candidates to undergo CRT, but as only small numbers of patients have been evaluated so far, definitive conclusions are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and functional outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with conventional pacemakers. METHODS: Patients with CPM, who were in NYHA HF functional class III/IV class refractory to drug therapy, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ) <35% underwent CRT. Patients’ clinical-functional behavior was assessed prospectively six months after the procedure. The improvement of one HF-functional class was set as an effective response to the procedure. The following was assessed: QRS duration (ECG), diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVSd) and LVEF seen on the echocardiogram. For the statistical analysis, Student’s paired t test and Spearman’s correlation were used. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (mean age 61.5) were evaluated. Of these, six were females, and chagasic cardiomyopathy was predominant. During the clinical follow-up of 22.7±13 months, 86.2% of the patients benefited from CRT. Within this group, the mean LVEF increased by 18% (p=0.013), QRS duration dropped by 11.8% (p=0.002) and no significant reduction in left ventricular intracavitary diameters was observed. CONCLUSION: CRT is effective for patients with CPM and advanced HF as it yields a high rate of response (86.2%), significantly improves LVEF and reduces QRS duration.
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