Biogenic and biomimetic functionalized magnetic nanosystem: Synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications

Abstract

Biogenic and biomimetic nanosystems (BBS) are the advanced hybrid nanomaterial used for treatment and diagnosis. These nanosystems' true bench-to-bedside potential makes them a more promising approach for biomedical applications. These nanoparticles are synthesized using biological microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, etc. A biosynthetic process like extracellular and intracellular biosynthesis can quickly fabricate these nanoparticles. Extracellularly it can be produced from microorganisms and could be between 14 and 16 ​nm. The extracellular enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic and biomimetic nanosystems. Moreover, this has proven antifungal and antibacterial activities. Intracellularly, ions can conduct biosynthesis by ions, and crystalline nanosystems can be produced. The present review discusses the various biosynthetic procedures for synthesizing organic and inorganic hybrid nanosystems; additionally, the functionalization of nanosystems is also reported. An external magnetic field is also discussed to target the drug encapsulated in the magnetic nanosystem. The properties of the BBS required for getting the desired outcome in terms of their efficiency and targeted delivery of drugs and the diagnostic property are also given. This review also reports the biomedical applications of these hybrid nanosystems.

Keywords

• Magnetic nanosystem
• Nanoparticles
• Biomedical applications
• Biomimetic synthesis