Parasites & Vectors (May 2020)
The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level
- Antoine Mignotte,
- Claire Garros,
- Laetitia Gardès,
- Thomas Balenghien,
- Maxime Duhayon,
- Ignace Rakotoarivony,
- Laura Tabourin,
- Léa Poujol,
- Bruno Mathieu,
- Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia,
- Ahmet Deniz,
- Aleksandar Cvetkovikj,
- Bethan V. Purse,
- David W. Ramilo,
- Despoina Stougiou,
- Doreen Werner,
- Dubravka Pudar,
- Dušan Petrić,
- Eva Veronesi,
- Frans Jacobs,
- Helge Kampen,
- Isabel Pereira da Fonseca,
- Javier Lucientes,
- Javier Navarro,
- Josue Martinez de la Puente,
- Jovana Stefanovska,
- Kate R. Searle,
- Khalid Khallaayoune,
- C. Lorna Culverwell,
- Magdalena Larska,
- Maria Bourquia,
- Maria Goffredo,
- Marina Bisia,
- Marion England,
- Matthew Robin,
- Michela Quaglia,
- Miguel Ángel Miranda-Chueca,
- René Bødker,
- Rosa Estrada-Peña,
- Simon Carpenter,
- Simona Tchakarova,
- Sofia Boutsini,
- Ståle Sviland,
- Stefanie M. Schäfer,
- Zanda Ozoliņa,
- Zanda Segliņa,
- Zati Vatansever,
- Karine Huber
Affiliations
- Antoine Mignotte
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Laetitia Gardès
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Maxime Duhayon
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Laura Tabourin
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Léa Poujol
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- Bruno Mathieu
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology of Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg
- Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
- Ahmet Deniz
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute
- Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
- Bethan V. Purse
- Centre for Ecology, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
- David W. Ramilo
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica
- Despoina Stougiou
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens
- Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research
- Dubravka Pudar
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad
- Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad
- Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich
- Frans Jacobs
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
- Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health
- Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica
- Javier Lucientes
- Department of Animal Pathology, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Veterinary Faculty
- Javier Navarro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Granada
- Josue Martinez de la Puente
- Doñana Biological Station, CSIC
- Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
- Kate R. Searle
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
- Khalid Khallaayoune
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires
- C. Lorna Culverwell
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum
- Magdalena Larska
- National Veterinary Research Institute
- Maria Bourquia
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE
- Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’
- Marina Bisia
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens
- Marion England
- The Pirbright Institute
- Matthew Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
- Michela Quaglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’
- Miguel Ángel Miranda-Chueca
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands UIB
- René Bødker
- University of Copenhagen
- Rosa Estrada-Peña
- Department of Animal Pathology, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Veterinary Faculty
- Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute
- Simona Tchakarova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute
- Sofia Boutsini
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens
- Ståle Sviland
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute
- Stefanie M. Schäfer
- Centre for Ecology, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
- Zanda Ozoliņa
- Institute of Food safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’
- Zanda Segliņa
- Institute of Food safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’
- Zati Vatansever
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute
- Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 13
Abstract
Abstract Background Culicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Methods Portion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Results Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.
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