Gaceta Sanitaria (Feb 2011)
Determinantes de la vacunación antigripal en personal sanitario: temporada 2009-2010 Determinants of influenza vaccination in health staff: 2009-2010 season
Abstract
Objetivos: Determinar las coberturas vacunales frente a la gripe estacional y frente a la nueva gripe A (H1N1) en la temporada 2009-2010 en trabajadores sanitarios y conocer sus factores determinantes. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante en trabajadores sanitarios durante las campañas de vacunación antigripal 2008-2009 y 2009-2010. La campaña 2009-2010 se subdividió en dos fases: entre el 1-10-09 y el 13-11-09 se administró la vacuna de la gripe estacional 2009-2010; desde el 16-11-09 hasta el 30-12-09 se administró la vacuna frente al nuevo virus de la gripe A (H1N1). Cada fase estuvo precedida por una campaña promocional específica. En el momento de la vacunación, el trabajador sanitario cumplimentó un cuestionario que incluía un listado de motivos para vacunarse. Se calculó la frecuencia de vacunación y se compararon las coberturas vacunales de cada campaña, de manera global y por estamentos, utilizando la prueba de ji cuadrado. Resultados: La cobertura frente a la gripe estacional 2009-2010 fue del 31%, y frente a la nueva gripe A (H1N1) fue del 22,2% (pObjectives: To determine vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza and the new A (H1N1) influenza virus among healthcare personnel during the 2009-2010 season and to identify its determining factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study among healthcare staff at the General University Hospital in Alicante (Spain) during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 influenza vaccination campaigns. The 2009-2010 vaccination campaign was subdivided into two phases. In the first phase, from 1st October to 19th November, 2009, the seasonal influenza vaccine was administered; in the second phase, from 16th November to 30th December, 2009, vaccination against the new A (H1N1) influenza virus was performed. Each of the vaccine programs was preceded by a specific vaccination promotion campaign. Healthcare staff were asked to complete a brief self-administered questionnaire containing a list of reasons for being vaccinated. Coverage during both vaccination campaigns was calculated, and the results, both overall and for each profession, were then compared using a Chi-square test. Results: Coverage against seasonal influenza was 31% and that against the new A (H1N1) influenza virus was 22.2% (p<0.05); these percentages were 36% and 34% respectively in medical personnel (NS), 33% and 24% respectively in nursing personnel (p<0.001), and 21% and 12% respectively in nursing assistants (p<0.001). The main reason given for being vaccinated was self-protection. Conclusions: The low coverage achieved is a public health problem. Specific intervention programs should be implemented.
