Frontiers in Physiology (Nov 2021)

Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential

  • Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz,
  • Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz,
  • Paloma González-Rodríguez,
  • Paloma González-Rodríguez,
  • José A. Lorente,
  • José A. Lorente,
  • José A. Lorente,
  • Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno,
  • Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno,
  • Raquel Herrero,
  • Raquel Herrero,
  • Laura Moreno,
  • Laura Moreno

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.752287
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 12

Abstract

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.

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