Les insectes auxiliaires dans les paysages agricoles : apports faunistiques, écologiques et fonctionnels de récentes études dans le canton de Genève (Suisse)

Abstract

Beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes: faunal, ecological and functional contributions of recent studies in the canton of Geneva (Switzerland) Description of the subject. In the context of biodiversity maintenance in agricultural environments and of risk reduction related to the use of phytosanitary products, it seems essential to improve our knowledge of the beneficial insects that develop in these ecosystems. Objectives. This article reviews the state of knowledge regarding insect auxiliaries and highlights the main faunal, ecological and functional contributions from recent studies carried out in an agricultural context in Geneva. Method. Data were collected from 2014 to 2019 on several families of predatory and pollinating auxiliaries in various agricultural contexts (extensive grasslands, vineyards, orchards, rapeseed crops, vegetable crops) using Barber, Malaise and emergence traps. Results. 48,921 individual records were collected belonging to 477 species of the main families of auxiliaries. Of these, four species were observed for the first time in Switzerland and 50 in the canton of Geneva. 357 (± 75%) of the species had a predatory stage and 103 (± 22%) could be regarded as valuable crop auxiliaries. The use of emergence traps made it possible to attest that at least a third of the species, including some rare or threatened species, are able to successfully carry out their life cycles within agricultural environments or to use them as overwintering sites. Conclusions. This review increases our understanding of the composition of the biodiversity of agricultural environments, which constitutes a significant component of biodiversity in Switzerland and in neighboring countries. It also highlights the role of semi-natural habitats as extensive grasslands or inter-rows of vineyards in supporting the development of many rare and sometimes threatened species.

Keywords

• biodiversity
• agroecology
• agroecosystems
• entomology
• useful arthropods
• natural enemies
• predators