Value of serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase and Omentin-1 levels for predicting the occurrence of diabetes nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Omentin-1 for the occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods From May 2020 to February 2023, 124 hospitalized patients with type 2 DKD were selected as DKD group and 125 patients with simple type 2 diabetes as control group. Clinical parameters of all patients were collected. Serum levels of eNOS and Omentin-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson’s method was utilized for examining the correlation between serum eNOS, Omentin-1 and clinical parameters. Multivariate Logistic regression model was employed for examining the risk factors of DKD occurrence in T2DM. The predictive value of serum levels of eNOS and Omentin-1 for the occurrence of DKD was examined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results As compared with control group, serum levels of total cholesterol [(4.75±0.91) mmol/L vs (4.48±0.96) mmol/L], glycosylated hemoglobin [(9.32±1.25)% vs (8.56±1.23)%], 24 h urinary protein quantity [(2.78±0.31) g vs (0.15±0.02) g], urinary microalbumin (mAlb) [(273.12±20.41) mg/L vs (23.08±3.35) mg/L] and serum creatinine (Scr) [(209.53±22.59) μmol/L vs (73.52±9.21) μmol/L] spiked markedly in DKD group. And the levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [(72.52±13.51) mL·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1 vs (107.34±10.27) mL·min−1·(1.73 m2)−1], serum eNOS [(24.48±3.37) U/L vs (33.82±4.52) U/L] and Omentin-1 [ (28.75±4.42) μg/L vs (43.63±6.78) μg/L] rose sharply (P<0.05). A positive correlation existed between serum eNOS and Omentin-1 level (r=0.674, P<0.05). Serum levels of eNOS and Omentin-1 were correlated negatively with 24 h urinary protein quantity, mAlb and Scr (r=−0.456, −0.551, −0.503, −0.527, −0.497, −0.495, P<0.05) and yet positively with eGFR (r=0.523, 0.602, P<0.05). 24 h urinary protein quantity, mAlb and Scr were risk factors for DKD occurrence in T2DM (P<0.05) while eGFR, eNOS and Omentin-1 were protective factors for DKD occurrence in T2DM (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of serum eNOS plus Omentin-1 in predicting DKD occurrence in T2DM was 0.942. It was higher than that of serum eNOS (AUC=0.882) and Omentin-1 (AUC=0.862) separately predicting DKD occurrence in T2DM patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum levels of eNOS and Omentin-1 are both low and a combined detection of both has some predictive values for the occurrence of DKD in T2DM patients.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus type 2
• diabetic kidney disease
• endothelial nitric oxide synthase