Focused assessment with sonography for trauma in predicting early surgical intervention in hemodynamically unstable children with blunt abdominal trauma

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The predictive accuracy and clinical role of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma are uncertain. This study investigates the performance of the emergency department (ED) FAST exam to predict early surgical intervention and subsequent free fluid (FF) in pediatric trauma patients. Methods Pediatric level 1 trauma patients ages 0 to 15 years with blunt torso trauma at a single trauma center were retrospectively reviewed. After stratification by initial hemodynamic (HD) instability, the association of a positive FAST with (1) early surgical intervention, defined as operative management (laparotomy or open pericardial window) or angiography within 4 hours of ED arrival and (2) presence of FF during early surgical intervention was determined. Results Among 508 salvageable pediatric trauma patients with an interpreted FAST exam, 35 (6.9%) had HD instability and 98 (19.3%) were FAST positive. A total of 42 of 508 (8.3%) patients required early surgical intervention, and the sensitivity and specificity of FAST predicting early surgical intervention were 59.5% and 84.3%, respectively. The specificity and positive predictive value of FF during early surgical intervention in FAST‐positive HD unstable patients increased from 50% and 90.9% at 4 hours after ED arrival to 100% and 100% at 2 hours after ED arrival, respectively. Conclusions In this large series of injured children, a positive FAST exam improves the ability to predict the need for early surgical intervention, and accuracy is greater for FF in HD unstable patients 2 hours after arrival to the ED.

Keywords

• abdominal/gastrointestinal
• angiography
• blunt injury
• FAST exam
• focused assessment with sonography for trauma
• hypotension