Efficiency of seed production in growing sesame variety in the southern region of Uzbekistan

Abstract

In this article, various cultivation periods and standards for the "Tashkent-122" variety of sesame were examined in the conditions of historically irrigated, moderately loamy, and slightly saline sandy loam soils in the Kashkadarya region. Compared to the control, the variations resulted in a reduction in soil bulk density by 0.02–0.03 g/cm3, an increase in soil fertility by 0.2–0.4%, and a decrease in soil moisture retention to 23.8–23.6 m3/ha. When sown with 2.0 million seeds per hectare on May 15th, preceded by irrigation (HCSPP), soil moisture remained at 65-65-60% relative to field capacity. Additionally, mineral fertilizers were applied at a rate of N100P80K60 kg/ha, and seasonal irrigation totaled 1250 m3/ha. This resulted in a sesame yield of 12.3 quintals per hectare, or an additional 2.1 quintals per hectare compared to the control. When sown on June 15th, with the same variety and seed rate, soil moisture was maintained at 75-75-60% relative to field capacity, with the same application of mineral fertilizers (N100P80K60) and seasonal irrigation (HCSPP). This led to a sesame yield of 8.7 quintals per hectare, or an additional 2.3 quintals per hectare compared to the control. Each hectare yielded a net profit of 578,200 UZS, achieving a profitability level exceeding 28.3 percents.