Impact of Physical Activity and Natural Bioactive Compounds on Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease
Elisa Grazioli,
Annalisa Romani,
Giulia Marrone,
Manuela Di Lauro,
Claudia Cerulli,
Silvia Urciuoli,
Arianna Murri,
Cristina Guerriero,
Eliana Tranchita,
Manfredi Tesauro,
Attilio Parisi,
Nicola Di Daniele,
Annalisa Noce
Affiliations
Elisa Grazioli
Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
Annalisa Romani
PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Giulia Marrone
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Manuela Di Lauro
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Claudia Cerulli
Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
Silvia Urciuoli
PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Arianna Murri
Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
Cristina Guerriero
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Eliana Tranchita
Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
Manfredi Tesauro
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Attilio Parisi
Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
Nicola Di Daniele
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Annalisa Noce
UOC of Internal Medicine—Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a world-wide public health problem. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction (ED) and vascular calcifications are clinical features of CKD patients that increase cardiovascular (CV) mortality. CKD-related CV disease pathogenic mechanisms are not only associated with traditional factors such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, but also with ED, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. The typical comorbidities of CKD contribute to reduce the performance and the levels of the physical activity in nephropathic patients compared to healthy subjects. Currently, the effective role of physical activity on ED is still debated, but the available few literature data suggest its positive contribution. Another possible adjuvant treatment of ED in CKD patients is represented by natural bioactive compounds (NBCs). Among these, minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleocanthal), polyphenols, and vitamin D seem to exert a beneficial role on ED in CKD patients. The objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise protocols and/or NBCs on ED in CKD patients.
