Advanced High-Loaded Ni–Cu Catalysts in Transfer Hydrogenation of Anisole: Unexpected Effect of Cu Addition

Abstract

Binary Ni–Cu heterogeneous catalysts are known to demonstrate excellent activity in conventional hydrogenation of phenolic compounds, and Cu addition facilitates hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In this study, we aimed to show the effect of Cu on the specific catalytic activity and selectivity of Ni–Cu catalysts in transfer hydrogenation, in which 2-PrOH was used as a solvent and an H donor. Catalytic transformations of anisole were studied in sub- and supercritical alcohol at 150 and 250 °C. The catalysts were prepared using an environmentally friendly supercritical antisolvent coprecipitation method, which makes it possible to obtain well-dispersed particles (less than 7 nm) at high metal loading (up to 50 wt.%). When copper is added, deactivation of the catalyst in transformations of anisole, including HDO, is observed. The experimental data and the appropriate kinetic analysis demonstrate that there is a decrease in the rate of anisole conversion accompanied by an increase in the concentration of acetone formed during the dehydrogenation of 2-PrOH.

Keywords

• antisolvent coprecipitation
• transfer hydrogenation
• anisole
• Ni–Cu catalysts
• 2-propanol