Degree of Hydration, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Modified TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) on the hydration and microstructure of cement. The primary experimental variable was the TNP content, which ranged from 0 to 10 wt% of the cement. Cement paste and mortar specimens incorporating TNPs were prepared to assess the hydration characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the cement composites. Hydration characteristics were evaluated using heat of hydration, setting time, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The microstructure was assessed through mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results indicated that TNPs accelerated the hydration of cement and modified the matrix microstructure, decreasing porosity and improving early-age strength. However, their tendency to agglomerate makes proper dispersion crucial for their effective application in construction materials. Therefore, when developing new building materials incorporating TNPs, it is essential to consider the properties of the nanoparticles and their physical and chemical effects on cement.

Keywords

• compressive strength
• hydration degree
• nucleation site
• setting time
• TiO₂ nanoparticles