Comprehensive Ecological and Analytical Assessment of the “Car-Road-Environment System” on the Example of the Road M-29 Section

Abstract

Purpose. is to highlight the methodological approach and the results of the integrated ecological and analytical assessment of the environmental impact of the car-road-environment system, namely the structure of interaction between internal and external factors and their spatial analysis, including the actual assessment of the ecological state of the roadside space of a selected section of the road M-29 (Е-105) on the example of accumulation in the biota of roadside space heavy metals of road origin. Methods. Expert analytical analysis, T. Saati's hierarchy analysis method, field studies of vegetation and soil, laboratory studies of the content of heavy metals in selected samples by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results. Analysis of the complex impact of the "car-road-environment" (CRE) system on the state of the natural environment made it possible to develop a comprehensive multi-level hierarchical structure of the influence of the "CRE" system on environmental components for subsequent environmental and analytical assessment. According to the results of the environmental-analytical assessment, it was determined that the components of the natural environment are significantly affected by the "CRE" system, with living organisms of roadside space being the most stressed (43,08% of the total influence). When carrying out field studies, it was found out that it is advisable to use direct measurements when choosing the information content of soil and vegetation sampling points. After processing laboratory studies, an excess of the MPC of heavy metals was revealed in the samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space at a distance of 10 m, 50 m and 100 m from the road bed, a rank series of accumulation of heavy metals in the studied samples of vegetation and soil of the roadside space was established. Conclusions. As a result of research, it was found that the complexity of the impact of the "CRE" system on the environment in a significant way depends on the biotic component of the roadside space, which, as a rule, until that time received little attention. It was concluded that the biota of the roadside space is not only susceptible to accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, but can be used for effective integrated monitoring of the ecological state of the environment in the zone of influence of roads.

Keywords

• expert-analytical assessment
• hierarchy analysis method
• roadside soil
• roadside vegetation
• heavy metals