Multi-omic analysis elucidates the genetic basis of hydrocephalus
Andrew T. Hale,
Lisa Bastarache,
Diego M. Morales,
John C. Wellons, III,
David D. Limbrick, Jr.,
Eric R. Gamazon
Affiliations
Andrew T. Hale
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Corresponding author
Lisa Bastarache
Department of Bioinformatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
Diego M. Morales
Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
John C. Wellons, III
Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
David D. Limbrick, Jr.
Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Eric R. Gamazon
Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9AL, UK; Corresponding author
Summary: We conducted PrediXcan analysis of hydrocephalus risk in ten neurological tissues and whole blood. Decreased expression of MAEL in the brain was significantly associated (Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05) with hydrocephalus. PrediXcan analysis of brain imaging and genomics data in the independent UK Biobank (N = 8,428) revealed that MAEL expression in the frontal cortex is associated with white matter and total brain volumes. Among the top differentially expressed genes in brain, we observed a significant enrichment for gene-level associations with these structural phenotypes, suggesting an effect on disease risk through regulation of brain structure and integrity. We found additional support for these genes through analysis of the choroid plexus transcriptome of a murine model of hydrocephalus. Finally, differential protein expression analysis in patient cerebrospinal fluid recapitulated disease-associated expression changes in neurological tissues, but not in whole blood. Our findings provide convergent evidence highlighting the importance of tissue-specific pathways and mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus.
