HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFFECTING ORAL MUCOSA: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGES

Abstract

Hypersensitivity reactions affecting the oral mucosa present a significant clinical challenge due to their diverse manifestations and the wide range of potential allergens involved. This article explores the types of allergic reactions commonly observed in the oral cavity, including contact allergies and systemic allergic reactions, emphasising their clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches. Common allergens such as metals and resin-based dental materials are highlighted, discussing their impact on oral health. Diagnostic strategies, including clinical examination, history taking, cutaneous patch testing and histopathological evaluation, are assessed for their efficacy in establishing the diagnosis of an allergic reaction and in identifying specific allergens. Management and treatment options are also reviewed, focusing on allergen avoidance, pharmacological interventions, and the selection of hypoallergenic dental materials. This article underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes for patients with oral mucosal allergies.

Keywords

• oral mucosal hypersensitivity reactions
• allergic contact stomatitis
• lichenoid reactions
• oral allergic syndrome
• latex-fruit syndrome
• plasma cell gingivitis
• erythema multiforme
• allergic angioedema
• nickel allergy