Scientific Reports (Nov 2021)

C-reactive protein as an early biomarker for malaria infection and monitoring of malaria severity: a meta-analysis

  • Polrat Wilairatana,
  • Praphassorn Mahannop,
  • Thanita Tussato,
  • I-mee Hayeedoloh,
  • Rachasak Boonhok,
  • Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud,
  • Wanida Mala,
  • Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui,
  • Manas Kotepui

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01556-0
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 20

Abstract

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Abstract This study investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used as a marker for the early detection and monitoring of malaria severity. Potentially relevant studies were searched in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Differences in CRP between (1) severe malaria and uncomplicated malaria, (2) uncomplicated malaria and asymptomatic malaria, (3) uncomplicated malaria and febrile/healthy controls, and (4) asymptomatic malaria and febrile/healthy controls were estimated using random-effects models. Twenty-nine studies were included for meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated higher mean CRP levels in (1) patients with severe malaria compared with uncomplicated malaria (p < 0.001, standard mean difference [SMD]: 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.12, I2: 95.1%), (2) patients with uncomplicated malaria than in those with asymptomatic malaria (p: 0.001, SMD: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.67–2.62, I2: 96.7%), (3) patients with uncomplicated malaria compared with febrile/healthy controls (p < 0.001, SMD: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.37–3.40, I2: 98.5%), and (4) patients with asymptomatic malaria compared with febrile/healthy controls (p < 0.001, SMD: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.60–3.50, I2: 99.2%). This study demonstrated CRP levels are a biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of malaria severity.