BMC Medicine (Oct 2024)

The association between serum S100β levels and prognosis in acute stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis: a multicenter prospective cohort study

  • Yang Qu,
  • Hang Jin,
  • Reziya Abuduxukuer,
  • Shuang Qi,
  • Xiang-Kun Si,
  • Peng Zhang,
  • Ke-Jia Zhang,
  • Si-Ji Wang,
  • Xiang-Yu Zheng,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Jian-Hua Gao,
  • Xian-Kun Zhang,
  • Xiao-Dong Liu,
  • Chun-Ying Li,
  • Guang-Cai Li,
  • Junmin Wang,
  • Huimin Jin,
  • Ying He,
  • Ligang Jiang,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Yongfei Jiang,
  • Rui-Hong Teng,
  • Yan Jia,
  • Bai-Jing Zhang,
  • Zhibo Chen,
  • Yingbin Qi,
  • Xiuping Liu,
  • Song Li,
  • Xin Sun,
  • Thanh N. Nguyen,
  • Yi Yang,
  • Zhen-Ni Guo,
  • on behalf of the Biomarkers of Brain Injury Investigator Study Group

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03517-6
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 22, no. 1
pp. 1 – 12

Abstract

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Abstract Background S100β is a biomarker of astroglial damage, the level of which is significantly increased following brain injury. However, the characteristics of S100β and its association with prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remain unclear. Methods Patients in this multicenter prospective cohort study were prospectively and consecutively recruited from 16 centers. Serum S100β levels were measured 24 h after IVT. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were measured simultaneously. NIHSS at 7 days after stroke, final infarct volume, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days were also collected. An mRS score ≥ 2 at 90 days was defined as an unfavorable outcome. Results A total of 1072 patients were included in the analysis. The highest S100β levels (> 0.20 ng/mL) correlated independently with HT and higher NIHSS at 24 h, higher NIHSS at 7 days, larger final infarct volume, and unfavorable outcome at 3 months. The patients were divided into two groups based on dominant and non-dominant stroke hemispheres. The highest S100β level was similarly associated with the infarct volume in patients with stroke in either hemisphere (dominant: β 36.853, 95% confidence interval (CI) 22.659–51.048, P < 0.001; non-dominant: β 23.645, 95% CI 10.774–36.516, P = 0.007). However, serum S100β levels at 24 h were more strongly associated with NIHSS scores at 24 h and 3-month unfavorable outcome in patients with dominant hemisphere stroke (NIHSS: β 3.470, 95% CI 2.392–4.548, P < 0.001; 3-month outcome: odds ratio (OR) 5.436, 95% CI 2.936–10.064, P < 0.001) than in those with non-dominant hemisphere stroke (NIHSS: β 0.326, 95% CI − 0.735–1.387, P = 0.547; 3-month outcome: OR 0.882, 95% CI 0.538–1.445, P = 0.619). The association of S100β levels and HT was not significant in either stroke lateralization group. Conclusions Serum S100β levels 24 h after IVT were independently associated with HT, infarct volume, and prognosis in patients with IVT, which suggests the application value of serum S100β in judging the degree of disease and predicting prognosis.

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