Twelve-month efficacy of CGRP monoclonal antibodies and predictive value of short-term response: results of an Australian multicentre study

Abstract

Introduction Clinical trials show that calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are effective preventative treatments for chronic migraine. Their efficacy over longer time periods and in cohorts originally excluded from trials remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the impact of CGRP mAbs in an Australian real-life setting.Methods A multicentre cohort study was performed in the tertiary headache clinics of the Alfred and Austin Hospitals, Melbourne, Australia. Patients were commenced on a CGRP mAb for chronic migraine and asked to keep a headache diary, recorded at 3 monthly appointments for 12 months. Primary outcome was a ≥50% reduction in monthly headache days (MHD).Results From a population of 105 patients, 90 patients commenced galcanezumab and 15 commenced fremanezumab. The ≥50% responder rate of the cohort was 52.4% after 3 months. Over 12 months follow-up, 25.7% of the cohort ceased due to a lack of efficacy and 16.2% ceased due to an adverse event. There was no difference in response or cessation between medications. There was poor agreement in 3-month and 12-month response rates (Cohen’s κ=0.130; p=0.171). On subgroup analysis, continuous headache at baseline and number of trialled preventative treatments were the only factors associated with efficacy.Conclusion CGRP mAbs were associated with sustained reductions in MHD over 12-month follow-up in patients with resistant migraine in Australia. Further studies are required to determine treatment options for patients with continuous headache. Poor agreement between outcomes at 3 and 12 months highlights the need to assess some patients at later timepoints.