Мелиорация и гидротехника (Aug 2024)
Ways of forming grape bushes for irrigation on the Crimean Peninsula
Abstract
Purpose: selection of ways for grape bush forming for the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula based on the analysis of their use in similar natural and climatic conditions. Discussion. Obtaining high yields of table grape varieties of appropriate quality is possible when meeting all requirements of this crop: optimal nutrition and irrigation regime, high level of agrotechnical measures, selection of planting patterns and methods for a grape bush forming. The overview of scientific and research papers of domestic and foreign scientists on the selection of the optimal number of buds, shoots, fruit vines on a grape bush, ways of forming a grape bush taking into account the climatic conditions of the region of grape cultivation, its varietal characteristics and cultivation technology to obtain a stable high yield of proper quality is provided. The growth and development of grape leaf blades and the occurrence of various physiological and biochemical processes in them were also considered. The volume of annual growth of fruit shoots, the coefficient of fruitfulness of shoots were studied and the various systems of bush management for growing grapes in different weather conditions were considered. Conclusions. The analysis of the results of studies conducted in different years in different agrobiological conditions showed that for grape growing in the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula, the optimal planting scheme is 3.0 × 2.0 m with pruning the length of fruit vines to four buds and a shoot load of 50 thousand pcs./ha. The issues of selecting irrigation modes and methods, which are important factors in obtaining high and stable yields, have been studied little. Therefore, conducting research devoted to studying the effect of irrigation with various methods of forming a grape bush under the conditions of the Crimean Peninsula is relevant.
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