School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China; Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
Shuang Li
Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China; College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154000, PR China
Siyuan Pang
Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Company Group Ltd, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China
Mei Liu
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China
Huifeng Sun
School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China; Corresponding author.
Ning Zhang
School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, PR China; Corresponding author.
Jianxin Liu
Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, PR China; Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410208, PR China; Corresponding author. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, 418000, PR China.
Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese medicine, Caulis Sinomenii, has been used as an anti-inflammatory drug in China for over 30 years. With the continuous increase in research on the pharmacological mechanism of SIN, it has been found that, in addition to the typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, SIN can be used as a potentially effective therapeutic drug for anti-tumour, anti-renal, and anti-nervous system diseases. By reviewing a large amount of literature and conducting a summary analysis of the literature pertaining to the pharmacological mechanism of SIN, we completed a review that focused on SIN, found that the current research is insufficient, and offered an outlook for future SIN development. We hope that this review will increase the public understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of SIN, discover SIN research trial shortcomings, and promote the effective treatment of immune diseases, inflammation, and other related diseases.
