Running speed and REM sleep control two distinct modes of rapid interhemispheric communication
Megha Ghosh,
Fang-Chi Yang,
Sharena P. Rice,
Vaughn Hetrick,
Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez,
Danny Siu,
Ellen K.W. Brennan,
Tibin T. John,
Allison M. Ahrens,
Omar J. Ahmed
Affiliations
Megha Ghosh
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Fang-Chi Yang
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Sharena P. Rice
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Vaughn Hetrick
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Danny Siu
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Ellen K.W. Brennan
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Tibin T. John
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Allison M. Ahrens
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Omar J. Ahmed
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: Rhythmic gamma-band communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, using multisite recordings in both rats and mice, we show that even faster ∼140 Hz rhythms are robustly anti-phase across cortical hemispheres, visually resembling splines, the interlocking teeth on mechanical gears. Splines are strongest in superficial granular retrosplenial cortex, a region important for spatial navigation and memory. Spline-frequency interhemispheric communication becomes more coherent and more precisely anti-phase at faster running speeds. Anti-phase splines also demarcate high-activity frames during REM sleep. While splines and associated neuronal spiking are anti-phase across retrosplenial hemispheres during navigation and REM sleep, gamma-rhythmic interhemispheric communication is precisely in-phase. Gamma and splines occur at distinct points of a theta cycle and thus highlight the ability of interhemispheric cortical communication to rapidly switch between in-phase (gamma) and anti-phase (spline) modes within individual theta cycles during both navigation and REM sleep.
