Carbamazepine removal from aqueous solution by synthesized reduced graphene oxide-nano zero valent iron (Fe0-rGO) composite: theory, process optimization, and coexisting drugs effects

Abstract

Synthesized Fe0-rGO nanocomposite with ratio of 1/1 (w/w) was prepared and has been used as adsorbent for the removal of Carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. Linear experiments were performed to compare the best fitting isotherms and kinetics. The Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.90) and pseudo second order kinetic (R2>0.99) fitted well the experimental data. On the basis of the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of Fe0-rGO for CBZ was up to 50 mg g−1 at 30 °C. The pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration of CBZ were observed to be the leading parameters that affected the removal of CBZ considering the analysis of variance (ANOVA; p0.05). Moreover, Fe0-rGO can be used to remove diclofenac (DIC) and cetirizine (CTZ) simultaneously. To sum up, the Fe0-rGO is a promising adsorbent not only for the efficient removal of CBZ but also for the reduction of coexisting drugs in aqueous solution. HIGHLIGHTS The nanocomposite was successfully synthesized.; The adsorption of three hard to remove drugs was investigated.; The effect of various parameters on CBZ removal were determined.; The optimum condition for CBZ removal was obtained.; The interference of coexisting drugs on CBZ adsorption was investigated.;

Keywords

• adsorption
• carbamazepine
• nano zerovalent iron
• optimization
• reduced graphene oxide