Frontiers in Physics (Jun 2023)
Superconducting undulator activities at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility
- Sara Casalbuoni,
- Suren Abeghyan,
- Levon Alanakyan,
- Johann Baader,
- Serena Barbanotti,
- Winfried Decking,
- Massimiliano Di Felice,
- Hans-Jörg Eckoldt,
- Uwe Englisch,
- Gianluca Geloni,
- Vanessa Grattoni,
- Andreas Grau,
- Axel Hauberg,
- Christian Helwich,
- Achim Hobl,
- Kay Jensch,
- Suren Karabekyan,
- Daniele La Civita,
- Sven Lederer,
- Christoph Lechner,
- Lutz Lilje,
- Shan Liu,
- Barbara Marchetti,
- Andrew Potter,
- Tobias Schnautz,
- Evgeny Schneidmiller,
- Harald Sinn,
- Wolfgang Walter,
- Riko Wichmann,
- Torsten Wohlenberg,
- Grigory Yakopov,
- Mikhail Yakopov,
- Igor Zagorodnov,
- René Zimmermann,
- Pawel Ziolkowski
Affiliations
- Sara Casalbuoni
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Suren Abeghyan
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Levon Alanakyan
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Johann Baader
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Serena Barbanotti
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Winfried Decking
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Massimiliano Di Felice
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Hans-Jörg Eckoldt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Uwe Englisch
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Gianluca Geloni
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Vanessa Grattoni
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Andreas Grau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Axel Hauberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Christian Helwich
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Achim Hobl
- Bilfinger Noell GmbH, Wurzburg, Germany
- Kay Jensch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Suren Karabekyan
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Daniele La Civita
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Sven Lederer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Christoph Lechner
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Lutz Lilje
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Shan Liu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Barbara Marchetti
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Andrew Potter
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
- Tobias Schnautz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Evgeny Schneidmiller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Harald Sinn
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Wolfgang Walter
- Bilfinger Noell GmbH, Wurzburg, Germany
- Riko Wichmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Torsten Wohlenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Grigory Yakopov
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Mikhail Yakopov
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- Igor Zagorodnov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- René Zimmermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
- Pawel Ziolkowski
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Schenefeld, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1204073
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11
Abstract
For more than 5 years, superconducting undulators (SCUs) have been successfully delivering X-rays in storage rings. The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) plans to demonstrate the operation of SCUs in X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). For the same geometry, SCUs can reach a higher peak field on the axis with respect to all other available technologies, offering a larger photon energy tunability range. The application of short-period SCUs in a high electron beam energy FEL > 11 GeV will enable lasing at very hard X-rays > 40 keV. The large tunability range of SCUs will allow covering the complete photon energy range of the soft X-ray experiments at the European XFEL without changing electron beam energy, as currently needed with the installed permanent magnet undulators. For a possible continuous-wave (CW) upgrade under discussion at the European XFEL with a lower electron beam energy of approximately 7–8 GeV, SCUs can provide the same photon energy range as available at present with the permanent magnet undulators and electron energies. This paper will describe the potential of SCUs for X-ray FELs. In particular, it will focus on the different activities ongoing at the European XFEL and in collaboration with DESY to allow the implementation of SCUs in the European XFEL in the upcoming years.
Keywords
- free-electron laser
- future light source
- superconducting undulator
- hard X-rays
- continuous-wave
- magnetic measurements
