Occurrence, transport, and detection techniques of emerging pollutants in groundwater
Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca,
Sofía E. Rodríguez-De Luna,
Rafael G. Araújo,
Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz,
Georgia María González-Meza,
Lizeth Parra-Arroyo,
Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernandez,
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal,
Roberto Parra-Saldivar
Affiliations
Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Sofía E. Rodríguez-De Luna
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Rafael G. Araújo
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Georgia María González-Meza
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Lizeth Parra-Arroyo
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernandez
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Roberto Parra-Saldivar
Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Emerging pollutants (EPs) are a group of different contaminants, such as hormones, pesticides, heavy metals, and drugs, usually found in concentrations between the order of ng and µg per liter. The global population's daily city and agro-industrial activities release EPs into the environment. Due to the chemical nature of EPs and deficient wastewater treatment and management, they are transported to superficial and groundwater through the natural water cycle, where they can potentially cause harmful effects on living organisms. Recent efforts have focused on developing technology that allows EPs quantification and monitoring in real-time and in situ. The newly developed technology aims to provide accessible groundwater management that detects and treats EPs while avoiding their contact with living beings and their toxic effects. This review presents some of the recently reported techniques that have been applied to advance the detection of EPs in groundwater and potential technologies that can be used for EP removal.