Critical fluctuations at a many-body exceptional point

Abstract

Critical phenomena arise ubiquitously in various contexts of physics, from condensed matter, high-energy physics, cosmology, to biological systems, and consist of slow and long-distance fluctuations near a phase transition or critical point. Usually, these phenomena are associated with the softening of a massive mode. Here, we show that a non-Hermitian-induced mechanism of critical phenomena that does not fall into this class can arise in the steady state of generic driven-dissipative many-body systems with coupled binary order parameters such as exciton-polariton condensates and driven-dissipative Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential. The criticality of this “critical exceptional point” is attributed to the coalescence of the collective eigenmodes that convert all the thermal-and-dissipative-noise-activated fluctuations to the Goldstone mode, leading to anomalously giant phase fluctuations that diverge at spatial dimensions d≤4. Our dynamic renormalization group analysis shows that this gives rise to a strong-coupling fixed point at dimensions as high as d<8 associated with a universality class beyond the classification by Hohenberg and Halperin, indicating how anomalously strong the many-body corrections are at this point. We find that this anomalous enhancement of many-body correlation is due to the appearance of a sound mode at the critical exceptional point despite the system's dissipative character.