Pesticides Residue in Drinking Groundwater Resources of Rural Areas in the Northwest of Iran

Abstract

Background:The majority of rural population in Iran depends on groundwater resources for drinking purposes. In recent years, pesticide contamination of limited water resources has become a serious challenge worldwide. This study quantified the pesticides residue in rural groundwater resources in the northwest of Iran. Methods: A total of 78 groundwater samples were collected in June and September 2011 from all 39 drinking water wells. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by Gas Chroma9tography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the selected pesticides. Results: Detection frequencies of profenofos, malathion, diazinon, endosulfan, trifluralin, deltamethrin, methyl parathion, and fenitrothion were determined with the concentrations exceeded 0.1 μg/L in 2.6, 17.9, 15.4, 10.3, 2.6, 2.6, 7.7, and 44.9% of the samples, respectively. Total pesticides residue was also observed in 26.9% of the samples with concentrations exceeded 0.5 μg/L. Among them, profenofos, malathion and diazinon were detected as the most frequently observed pesticides with the maximum concentrations of 0.542, 0.456 and 0.614 μg/L, respectively. Conclusion: Higher pesticides residue than European Economic Commission (EEC) guidelines occurred in a number of monitored resources.

Keywords

• Pesticides
• Groundwater
• Rural areas
• Iran
• Endosulfan