Solving a Quadratic Riccati Differential Equation, Multi-Pantograph Delay Differential Equations, and Optimal Control Systems with Pantograph Delays

Abstract

An effective algorithm for solving quadratic Riccati differential equation (QRDE), multipantograph delay differential equations (MPDDEs), and optimal control systems (OCSs) with pantograph delays is presented in this paper. This technique is based on Genocchi polynomials (GPs). The properties of Genocchi polynomials are stated, and operational matrices of derivative are constructed. A collocation method based on this operational matrix is used. The findings show that the technique is accurate and simple to use.

Keywords

• Genocchi polynomials
• operational matrix of derivatives