Leading individual features of antioxidant systematically classified by the ORAC assay and its single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer reactivities; analyzing ALS therapeutic drug Edaravone

Abstract

Many natural compounds mop up radicals and limit radical reactions and may prove useful in reducing or preventing oxidative stress-related diseases in vivo. Several assays have been developed to measure antioxidant or anti-radical activity. Here, we measured the anti-radical activities of representative antioxidants using different assays. The oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay has two mechanistic stages. We classified antioxidant behavior using two characteristic values thought to be related to the two stages — peroxyl radical formation time (lag time) and fluorescein annihilation rate (kobs) — by applying Voronoi polyhedral division. We focused on four class-representative antioxidants, Trolox ®, vitamin C, l-cysteine, and 2,6-di‑tert‑butyl‑p-cresol, and compared their characteristic activities with those of edaravone. Our analysis indicates that edaravone is in the same group as cysteine and may function via a similar mechanism. Our results suggest that analyzing lag time and kobs is a useful method to characterize antioxidants.

Keywords

• Anti-radical activity
• Antioxidant
• Voronoi polyhedral division
• ORAC analysis
• Edaravone