Psychology Research and Behavior Management (Jun 2025)
Mental Health Workforce Inequities Across Income Levels: Aligning Global Health Indicators, Policy Readiness, and Disease Burden
Abstract
Mónica Patricia Acuña-Rodríguez,1 Ornella Fiorillo-Moreno,2,3 Kevin Fernando Montoya-Quintero,4 Foday Tejan Mansaray5 1Department of Human Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia; 2Clínica Iberoamérica, Barranquilla, Colombia; 3Clínica El Carmen, Barranquilla, Colombia; 4Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Universidad de Manizales, Caldas, Manizales, Colombia; 5Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra LeoneCorrespondence: Foday Tejan Mansaray, Connaught Hospital, 1 Percival Street, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Email [email protected]: Despite growing recognition of mental health as a global priority, a critical knowledge gap persists regarding how workforce availability aligns with the burden of mental disorders across income levels. This perspective addresses that gap by comparing mental health workforce indicators and disease burden metrics from the World Health Organization and United Nations datasets, stratified by country income level. The findings reveal a striking misalignment: low- and lower-middle-income countries report the highest disability-adjusted life years due to depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide, yet possess the lowest density of psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers per 100,000 population. Conversely, high-income countries demonstrate stronger alignment between disease burden and workforce capacity, supported by greater policy readiness and financial allocation. Importantly, this analysis identifies not only a quantitative shortfall in human resources but also a qualitative gap in policy implementation, including limited enforcement, weak integration into primary care systems, and insufficient accountability mechanisms. Even where national mental health plans exist, compliance and execution remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. These inequities compromise efforts toward universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 on mental well-being. These findings highlight urgent global priorities for mental health investment and system reform to close the persistent treatment gap and advance the Sustainable Development Goals. This evidence may guide investment decisions, inform global health diplomacy, and support policy reforms aimed at closing the persistent mental health treatment gap.Keywords: mental health, health workforce, socioeconomic factors, health status indicators, public policy
