Transcriptome, proteome, and protein synthesis within the intracellular cytomatrix
Tattym E. Shaiken,
Sandra L. Grimm,
Mohamad Siam,
Amanda Williams,
Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian,
Daniel Kraushaar,
Emily Ricco,
Matthew J. Robertson,
Cristian Coarfa,
Antrix Jain,
Anna Malovannaya,
Fabio Stossi,
Antone R. Opekun,
Alyssa P. Price,
Julien Dubrulle
Affiliations
Tattym E. Shaiken
Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Michael E DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; PeriNuc Labs, University of Houston Technology Bridge, Houston, TX 77023, USA; Corresponding author
Sandra L. Grimm
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Mohamad Siam
Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Michael E DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; PeriNuc Labs, University of Houston Technology Bridge, Houston, TX 77023, USA
Amanda Williams
Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Michael E DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; PeriNuc Labs, University of Houston Technology Bridge, Houston, TX 77023, USA
Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
PeriNuc Labs, University of Houston Technology Bridge, Houston, TX 77023, USA; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Daniel Kraushaar
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Emily Ricco
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Matthew J. Robertson
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Cristian Coarfa
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Antrix Jain
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Anna Malovannaya
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Fabio Stossi
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Antone R. Opekun
Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Michael E DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Alyssa P. Price
Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Michael E DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Julien Dubrulle
Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Summary: Despite the knowledge that protein translation and various metabolic reactions that create and sustain cellular life occur in the cytoplasm, the structural organization within the cytoplasm remains unclear. Recent models indicate that cytoplasm contains viscous fluid and elastic solid phases. We separated these viscous fluid and solid elastic compartments, which we call the cytosol and cytomatrix, respectively. The distinctive composition of the cytomatrix included structural proteins, ribosomes, and metabolome enzymes. High-throughput analysis revealed unique biosynthetic pathways within the cytomatrix. Enrichment of biosynthetic pathways in the cytomatrix indicated the presence of immobilized biocatalysis. Enzymatic immobilization and segregation can surmount spatial impediments, and the local pathway segregation may form cytoplasmic organelles. Protein translation was reprogrammed within the cytomatrix under the restriction of protein synthesis by drug treatment. The cytosol and cytomatrix are an elaborately interconnected network that promotes operational flexibility in healthy cells and the survival of malignant cells.
