Removal of contaminants through microalgae: towards the development of a circular economy

Abstract

The occurrence of algal blooms has increased in both extent and frequency worldwide. However, it can become an effective alternative for wastewater treatment (WWT). It is important to note that conventional processes used in WWT facilities are mostly inefficient in removing high loads of nutrients. In this regard, the utilization of microalgae, such as Chlorella spp., emerges as an economically viable alternative that allows for effective removal of nutrients and ensures the production of an effluent that complies with permissible discharge limits to water bodies. Additionally, the biomass formed from microalgae treatment can be used as biofuels. This work describes the use of microalgae as a convenient and cost-effective biological process for the removal of nutrients and organic matter, even allowing for energy recovery through biomass valorization. Thus, the use of microalgae is proposed as a solution to water pollution with high nutrient loads.

Keywords

• algae
• alternative treatment
• biological process
• efficiency
• emerging pollutant
• microalgae