Native diversity contributes to composition heterogeneity of exotic floras

Abstract

Abstract Variation in species composition among sites (beta diversity) is generally thought to be driven by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation, but the role of biotic interactions has not been sufficiently addressed. Specifically, the early species in a local community may contribute to subsequent beta diversity patterns. Exotic assemblages within native communities provide a unique opportunity to study biotic interaction mechanisms. In this study, we conducted a field survey of plants over an approximately 1800‐km transect in the middle and lower Yangtze River valley in China to study how native communities influence exotic beta diversity. The survey included 459 plots in 51 local plant communities with 40 exotic species and 103 co‐occurring native species. We also investigated how 11 environmental factors involving climate conditions, soil properties, and human activity regulate the interaction between native and exotic plants. The results showed that native diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) increased exotic beta diversity. Environmental conditions, especially monthly minimum temperature, influenced exotic beta diversity indirectly through native diversity rather than directly. Our results suggest that lower native diversity driven by environmental conditions, especially warmer temperatures, led to a decrease in composition heterogeneity of the exotic flora. Our results will help to incorporate biotic interactions into the framework of beta diversity mechanisms for local community assembly.

Keywords

• beta diversity
• biological invasion
• biotic resistance
• climate change
• community assembly
• exotic species