The Influence of Time of Day of Vaccination with BNT162b2 on the Adverse Drug Reactions and Efficacy of Humoral Response against SARS-CoV-2 in an Observational Study of Young Adults
Paweł Matryba,
Karol Gawalski,
Iga Ciesielska,
Andrea Horvath,
Zbigniew Bartoszewicz,
Jacek Sienko,
Urszula Ambroziak,
Karolina Malesa-Tarasiuk,
Anna Staniszewska,
Jakub Golab,
Rafał Krenke
Affiliations
Paweł Matryba
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Karol Gawalski
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Iga Ciesielska
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Andrea Horvath
Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Jacek Sienko
2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Urszula Ambroziak
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Karolina Malesa-Tarasiuk
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Anna Staniszewska
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Jakub Golab
Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
Rafał Krenke
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
An increasing body of evidence from both academic and clinical studies shows that time-of-day exposure to antigens might significantly alter and modulate the development of adaptive immune responses. Considering the immense impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global health and the diminished efficacy of vaccination in selected populations, such as older and immunocompromised patients, it is critical to search for the most optimal conditions for mounting immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we conducted an observational study on 435 healthy young adults vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine to determine whether time-of-day of vaccination influences either the magnitude of humoral response or number of adverse drug reactions (ADR) being reported. We found no significant differences between morning and afternoon vaccination in terms of both titers of anti-Spike antibodies and frequency of ADR in the studied population. In addition, our analysis of data on the occurrence of ADR in 1324 subjects demonstrated that the second administration of vaccine in those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower incidence of ADR. In aggregate, vaccination against COVID-19 with two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is presumed to generate an equally efficient anti-Spike humoral response.
