Earth System Science Data (Mar 2023)
National CO<sub>2</sub> budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> observations in support of the global stocktake
- B. Byrne,
- D. F. Baker,
- S. Basu,
- S. Basu,
- M. Bertolacci,
- K. W. Bowman,
- K. W. Bowman,
- D. Carroll,
- D. Carroll,
- A. Chatterjee,
- F. Chevallier,
- P. Ciais,
- N. Cressie,
- N. Cressie,
- D. Crisp,
- S. Crowell,
- F. Deng,
- Z. Deng,
- N. M. Deutscher,
- M. K. Dubey,
- S. Feng,
- O. E. García,
- D. W. T. Griffith,
- B. Herkommer,
- L. Hu,
- A. R. Jacobson,
- A. R. Jacobson,
- R. Janardanan,
- S. Jeong,
- M. S. Johnson,
- D. B. A. Jones,
- R. Kivi,
- J. Liu,
- J. Liu,
- Z. Liu,
- S. Maksyutov,
- J. B. Miller,
- S. M. Miller,
- I. Morino,
- J. Notholt,
- T. Oda,
- T. Oda,
- C. W. O'Dell,
- Y.-S. Oh,
- H. Ohyama,
- P. K. Patra,
- H. Peiro,
- C. Petri,
- S. Philip,
- D. F. Pollard,
- B. Poulter,
- M. Remaud,
- A. Schuh,
- M. K. Sha,
- K. Shiomi,
- K. Strong,
- C. Sweeney,
- Y. Té,
- H. Tian,
- H. Tian,
- V. A. Velazco,
- V. A. Velazco,
- M. Vrekoussis,
- M. Vrekoussis,
- T. Warneke,
- J. R. Worden,
- D. Wunch,
- Y. Yao,
- J. Yun,
- A. Zammit-Mangion,
- N. Zeng,
- N. Zeng
Affiliations
- B. Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- D. F. Baker
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- S. Basu
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- S. Basu
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD, USA
- M. Bertolacci
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- K. W. Bowman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- K. W. Bowman
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- D. Carroll
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- D. Carroll
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San José State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- A. Chatterjee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- F. Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- P. Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- N. Cressie
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- N. Cressie
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- D. Crisp
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- S. Crowell
- GeoCarb Mission Collaboration, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- F. Deng
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Z. Deng
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- N. M. Deutscher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- M. K. Dubey
- Earth System Observation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- S. Feng
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- O. E. García
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMet), Tenerife, Spain
- D. W. T. Griffith
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- B. Herkommer
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- L. Hu
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. R. Jacobson
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. R. Jacobson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- R. Janardanan
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- S. Jeong
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- M. S. Johnson
- Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- D. B. A. Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- R. Kivi
- Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland
- J. Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- J. Liu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Z. Liu
- Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences & Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- S. Maksyutov
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- J. B. Miller
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- S. M. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- I. Morino
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- J. Notholt
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- T. Oda
- Earth from Space Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Washington, D.C., USA
- T. Oda
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- C. W. O'Dell
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Y.-S. Oh
- Global Atmosphere Watch Team, Climate Research Department, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
- H. Ohyama
- Satellite Observation Center, Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- P. K. Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
- H. Peiro
- GeoCarb Mission Collaboration, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- C. Petri
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- S. Philip
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- D. F. Pollard
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
- B. Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- M. Remaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- A. Schuh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- M. K. Sha
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
- K. Shiomi
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan
- K. Strong
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- C. Sweeney
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Y. Té
- Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA-IPSL), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Université, 75005 Paris, France
- H. Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- H. Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- V. A. Velazco
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- V. A. Velazco
- Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
- M. Vrekoussis
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- M. Vrekoussis
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
- T. Warneke
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- J. R. Worden
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- D. Wunch
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Y. Yao
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- J. Yun
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- A. Zammit-Mangion
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- N. Zeng
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD, USA
- N. Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
pp. 963 – 1004
Abstract
Accurate accounting of emissions and removals of CO2 is critical for the planning and verification of emission reduction targets in support of the Paris Agreement. Here, we present a pilot dataset of country-specific net carbon exchange (NCE; fossil plus terrestrial ecosystem fluxes) and terrestrial carbon stock changes aimed at informing countries' carbon budgets. These estimates are based on “top-down” NCE outputs from the v10 Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) modeling intercomparison project (MIP), wherein an ensemble of inverse modeling groups conducted standardized experiments assimilating OCO-2 column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) retrievals (ACOS v10), in situ CO2 measurements or combinations of these data. The v10 OCO-2 MIP NCE estimates are combined with “bottom-up” estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes to estimate changes in terrestrial carbon stocks, which are impacted by anthropogenic and natural drivers. These flux and stock change estimates are reported annually (2015–2020) as both a global 1∘ × 1∘ gridded dataset and a country-level dataset and are available for download from the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites' (CEOS) website: https://doi.org/10.48588/npf6-sw92 (Byrne et al., 2022). Across the v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments, we obtain increases in the ensemble median terrestrial carbon stocks of 3.29–4.58 Pg CO2 yr−1 (0.90–1.25 Pg C yr−1). This is a result of broad increases in terrestrial carbon stocks across the northern extratropics, while the tropics generally have stock losses but with considerable regional variability and differences between v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments. We discuss the state of the science for tracking emissions and removals using top-down methods, including current limitations and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.
