Interdisciplinary Methods for Zoonotic Tissue Acellularization for Natural Heart Valve Substitute of Biomimetic Materials
Roman Major,
Magdalena Kopernik,
Roman Ostrowski,
Piotr Wilczek,
Amanda Bartkowiak,
Karolina Szawiraacz,
Grzegorz Lis,
Janusz Lekki,
Maciej Gawlikowski,
Łukasz Major
Affiliations
Roman Major
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta st., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Magdalena Kopernik
AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Roman Ostrowski
Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego st. 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
Piotr Wilczek
The President Stanislaw Wojciechowski Calisia University, Nowy Swiat 4 st., 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
Amanda Bartkowiak
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
Karolina Szawiraacz
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta st., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Grzegorz Lis
Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
Janusz Lekki
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
Maciej Gawlikowski
Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelt Str. 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
Łukasz Major
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta st., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
The goal of this work was to create a bioactive tissue-based scaffold using multi-disciplinary engineering materials and tissue engineering techniques. Materials & methods: Physical techniques such as direct laser interference lithography and proton radiation were selected as alternative methods of enzymatic and chemical decellularization to remove cells from a tissue without degradation of the extracellular matrix nor its protein structure. This study was an attempt to prepare a functional scaffold for cell culture from tissue of animal origin using new physical methods that have not been considered before. The work was carried out under full control of the histological and molecular analysis. Results & conclusions: The most important finding was that the physical methods used to obtain the decellularized tissue scaffold differed in the efficiency of cell removal from the tissue in favour of the laser method. Both the laser method and the proton method exhibited a destructive effect on tissue structure and the genetic material in cell nuclei. This effect was visible on histology images as blurred areas within the cell nucleus. The finite element 3D simulation of decellularization process of the three-layer tissue of animal origin sample reflected well the mechanical response of tissue described by hyperelastic material models and provided results comparable to the experimental ones.