Association between preeclampsia and chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Introduction: With a prevalence of 2-8%, preemclampsia constitutes a scenario that may imply the beginning of future vascular and metabolic alterations, among which we could mention chronic kidney disease. Objective: To establish preeclampsia as a factor associated with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Case-control study covering women who had been pregnant. The population sample included 60 subjects in the case group and 40 in the control group. The case group included patients with chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate lower than 60 ml/min/1.73m2, CKD-EPI formula); the control group included patients who did not suffer from chronic kidney disease. Preeclampsia diagnosis was established according to medical history. The statistical analysis comprised the chi-squared test (X2), odds ratio, logistic regression and event occurrence probability. Results: Among the chronic kidney disease patients, 80% reported a history of preeclampsia; 35% of subjects who did not suffer from chronic kidney disease also had a similar history (p=0.00). The time of evolution of preeclampsia and the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease was 7.5 years (95% CI: 7.10-7.89). The model which best explains chronic kidney disease includes preeclampsia and patient’s age (p=0.000), y=-3.444 + 1.794 (history of preeclampsia) + 0.082 (patient’s age). If the patient is 35 years old and has a history of preeclampsia, the probability of chronic kidney disease is 0.7721. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is a factor associated with chronic kidney disease.

Keywords

• enfermedad renal crónica
• preeclampsia
• embarazo
• factores asociados