Exercise ECG for Detection of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Around 425 million (6%) of humans are diabetics all over the world, and most of them are T2DM(>85%).Diabetes increases the incidence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) by two to seven times when comparedto non-diabetics. The study aimed to find out how common asymptomatic (subclinical) coronary artery disease (CAD) isin people with diabetes and how it connects to glucose management and the duration of type 2 diabetes using TMT inorder to improve the detection rate of CAD.Methods: This observational research was conducted from October 2021 to April 2022 at Azadi Teaching Hospital inKirkuk. This research comprised 103 individuals with a mean duration of 5.2 ± 4.2 years since complications startingfrom diagnosis of T2DM, a mean HbA1C of 7.9 ± 1.3 mg/dl who had been diagnosed with T2DM and were having atreadmill test. Patients with preexisting cardiac disease have been excluded from the study.Results: The exercise ECG finding showed that 23% of patients had positive Exercise ECG findings and being elderly,long duration of DM, having high HbA1C level, and having high diastolic blood pressure were found to be associatedsignificantly with positive exercise ECG (p<0.05). For the categorical variables, being on insulin was associated signifi-cantly with positive exercise ECG in which patients on insulin have higher risk (Risk ratio=4.9), other factors did notdemonstrate significant association with positive TMT.Conclusion: The prevalence of positive TMT was comparable to worldwide studies and being elderly, long duration ofDM, high HbA1C level showed significant association with asymptomatic CAD findings.

Keywords

• type 2 diabetes
• exercise ecg
• coronary artery disease
• asymptomatic