Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Triple Test and Tru-cut Biopsy in the Detection of Breast Lesion

Abstract

Background: The majority of breast illnesses manifest as a palpable mass. The vast majority of breast lesions are not malignant, and the vast majority of benign lesions do not progress to cancer; however, the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved by a combination of preoperative tests such as physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and Trucut needle biopsy (TCNB) or core needle biopsy (CNB). FNAC has gained in popularity and is now the primary treatment performed after a history and clinical examination to diagnose solid and cystic breast masses. This study was designed to assess the accuracy of FNAC in comparison to Triple Test and TCNB for the diagnosis of breast masses. Methodology: From January 2023 through May 2023, this study was conducted in the Tezpur Medical College and Hospital. The research included all female patients over the age of 20 with clinically palpable lumps. Palpable breast lumps need a complete clinical breast examination, imaging, and tissue sample for a clear diagnosis to rule out cancer.The Ultrasonography/Mammography, FNAC and tru-cut biopsy procedures were performed concurrently in the same region, and the results were compared to final histopathology as the gold standard. Result: The majority of the patients in the study were in age group of > 60 years. In our study Left breast was involved in 41 (58.5%) patients and right breast in 29 (41.4%) patients. The most frequent site involved was upper outer quadrant in 38 (54.2%). The overall sensitivity of FNAC in our study was 93.75%, tru-cut biopsy is 100% and that of triple test is 100% and specificity for malignancy was 91.6%, 93.6 and 95.6% for FNAC, tru-cut biopsy and triple test respectively. Conclusion: All three techniques have advantages and disadvantages. Core Needle Biopsy cannot be used in place of FNAC, and it is not required to identify all breast lesions. It can be utilised as an adjuvant in circumstances when cytology is definitive and biomarker tests are required. triple test and trucut were more accurate than FNAC in our testing.Trucut biopsy was able to provide histological diagnosis, and the findings were 100% consistent with the final histopathology report.

Keywords

• fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac), tru-cut needle biopsy (tcnb), triple test, breast lump, diagnostic accuracy