Beyond the norm: Illuminating eosinophilic ascites with 2 rare and intriguing cases

Abstract

Eosinophilic ascites (EA) is a rare and enigmatic disorder characterized by elevated eosinophil counts in peritoneal fluid, commonly associated with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), and parasitic infections. Here, we present two cases of EA diagnosed and managed in our gastroenterology department. Case 1: A 45-year-old male presented with diffuse abdominal pain and distension. Imaging revealed septate abdominal ascites, prompting exploratory laparoscopy. Ascitic fluid analysis showed eosinophil predominance, leading to an EA diagnosis. The patient was treated with oral Albendazole, resulting in a favorable outcome. Case 2: A 52-year-old female complained of abdominal pain with alternating diarrhea and constipation. Imaging unveiled moderate ascites, pyloro-duodenal inflammation, and wall thickening. Eosinophilic leukocytosis prompted empirical treatment, yielding a positive response. In conclusion, diagnosing EA involves a combination of histological and laboratory methodologies. Corticosteroids emerge as the primary therapeutic avenue, with the imperative of eradicating parasitic infections before initiation. This study underscores the critical role of education in mitigating the risk of parasitic infections.

Keywords

• Eosinophilic ascites
• Hypereosinophilia
• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Atopy
• Corticosteroids