Advances in human intracranial electroencephalography research, guidelines and good practices
Manuel R. Mercier,
Anne-Sophie Dubarry,
François Tadel,
Pietro Avanzini,
Nikolai Axmacher,
Dillan Cellier,
Maria Del Vecchio,
Liberty S. Hamilton,
Dora Hermes,
Michael J. Kahana,
Robert T. Knight,
Anais Llorens,
Pierre Megevand,
Lucia Melloni,
Kai J. Miller,
Vitória Piai,
Aina Puce,
Nick F Ramsey,
Caspar M. Schwiedrzik,
Sydney E. Smith,
Arjen Stolk,
Nicole C. Swann,
Mariska J Vansteensel,
Bradley Voytek,
Liang Wang,
Jean-Philippe Lachaux,
Robert Oostenveld
Affiliations
Manuel R. Mercier
INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Corresponding author.
Anne-Sophie Dubarry
CNRS, LPL, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
François Tadel
Signal & Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA United States of America
Pietro Avanzini
Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Parma, Italy
Nikolai Axmacher
Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Outer St, Beijing 100875, China
Dillan Cellier
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America
Maria Del Vecchio
Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Parma, Italy
Liberty S. Hamilton
Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
Dora Hermes
Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
Michael J. Kahana
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
Robert T. Knight
Department of Psychology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
Anais Llorens
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
Pierre Megevand
Department of Clinical neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Lucia Melloni
Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, Frankfurt am Main 60322, Germany; Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 145 East 32nd Street, Room 828, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
Kai J. Miller
Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Vitória Piai
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboudumc, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Aina Puce
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Programs in Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
Nick F Ramsey
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
Caspar M. Schwiedrzik
Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Göttingen, Germany; Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
Sydney E. Smith
Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America
Arjen Stolk
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
Nicole C. Swann
University of Oregon in the Department of Human Physiology, United States of America
Mariska J Vansteensel
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
Bradley Voytek
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America; Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, United States of America
Liang Wang
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Jean-Philippe Lachaux
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, EDUWELL Team, INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
Robert Oostenveld
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; NatMEG, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Since the second-half of the twentieth century, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), including both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), has provided an intimate view into the human brain. At the interface between fundamental research and the clinic, iEEG provides both high temporal resolution and high spatial specificity but comes with constraints, such as the individual's tailored sparsity of electrode sampling. Over the years, researchers in neuroscience developed their practices to make the most of the iEEG approach. Here we offer a critical review of iEEG research practices in a didactic framework for newcomers, as well addressing issues encountered by proficient researchers. The scope is threefold: (i) review common practices in iEEG research, (ii) suggest potential guidelines for working with iEEG data and answer frequently asked questions based on the most widespread practices, and (iii) based on current neurophysiological knowledge and methodologies, pave the way to good practice standards in iEEG research. The organization of this paper follows the steps of iEEG data processing. The first section contextualizes iEEG data collection. The second section focuses on localization of intracranial electrodes. The third section highlights the main pre-processing steps. The fourth section presents iEEG signal analysis methods. The fifth section discusses statistical approaches. The sixth section draws some unique perspectives on iEEG research. Finally, to ensure a consistent nomenclature throughout the manuscript and to align with other guidelines, e.g., Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and the OHBM Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), we provide a glossary to disambiguate terms related to iEEG research.
