The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract

Karolina Sidletskaya, Tatyana Vitkina, Yulia Denisenko Vladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution “Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration” – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, RussiaCorrespondence: Karolina SidletskayaVladivostok Branch of Federal State Budgetary Science Institution “Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration” – Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russian street 73-g, Vladivostok 690105, RussiaEmail [email protected]: Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD. This review focuses on following aspects: the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the initiation of inflammatory process in COPD; the mechanisms of influence of various exogenous factors (cigarette smoke, suspended particulate matter, and bacteria) on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4; the contribution of these TLRs to the T-helper (Th) immune response development in COPD, in particular to the Th17 immune response, which contributes to the progression of the disease and therapeutic implications of TLR2 and TLR4 in COPD.Keywords: toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, T-helper immune response, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Keywords

• toll-like receptor 2
• toll-like receptor 4
• t-helper immune response
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease