MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs as tools for the directed regulation of cellular processes for cancer therapy

Abstract

MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) belong to an extensive class of small non-coding RNAs and play an important role in gene expression regulation in cells. It is shown that changes in the amount or activity of these molecules may lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. This made it possible to consider them as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as tools for the directed regulation of protein synthesis in the cell and targets for therapy. This review summarizes the basic knowledge about the biogenesis, distribution and the mechanisms of action of microRNA and siRNA, as well as currently used ways of target genes expression management with their help. Possible methods of these molecules delivery into the cell in vitro and in vivo are considered.

Keywords

• малые некодирующие рнк
• регуляция экспрессии генов
• направленная терапия
• онкологические заболевания.